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Spain

15 city guides · Europe

Cities in Spain (15)

Europe
🇪🇸 Spain

Bilbao

Bilbao (Bilbo in Basque — population 350,000 in the city, 1 million in the Greater Bilbao metro) is the capital of the province of Bizkaia and the largest city in the Basque Country of northern Spain, and it is the most celebrated example of urban regeneration in the late 20th century: the "Bilbao Effect" (also called the "Guggenheim Effect") is the term used in urban planning for the transformation of a declining post-industrial city through a single iconic piece of architecture. In 1983, Bilbao was flooded by the worst floods in its history (the Gran Inundación de 1983: the Nervión River overflowed catastrophically, killing 34 people and causing €4 billion of damage): the city was a declining steel and shipbuilding center facing mass unemployment (unemployment reached 25% in the 1980s) with a polluted river running through a rusted industrial waterfront. By 1997, the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao had opened (Frank Gehry, 1997 — the titanium-clad building on the banks of the Nervión that is the most critically celebrated piece of architecture of the late 20th century), and the "Bilbao Effect" had begun: the museum attracted 1.4 million visitors in its first year (4× the projected numbers), catalyzing a €4 billion investment in the city's infrastructure (the Foster + Partners Metro (1995), the Calatrava Airport terminal (2000), the Zaha Hadid Azkuna Zentroa cultural center (2010 renovation)), and transforming a rusting industrial city into one of the most visited destinations in Spain within 20 years. Bilbao is also the center of the Basque gastronomic culture — the pintxos (the Basque tapas, served on bread with a toothpick: the pintxo bar culture of Bilbao's Casco Viejo (the old town) is the most intense and rewarding food culture in Spain).